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Designing step-up transformer applications  

A transformer may draw as much as 20 to 30 times its normal rating to create the magnetic field needed to boost voltage levels. The high inrush current mechanically stresses the transformer’s primary overcurrent protective device(s) (OCPD). Without adequate protection, the OCPD can weld shut.

Proper protection for step-up transformers: go beyond the code

Even if it’s not required by code, the transformer and primary OCPD should be viewed and applied as a system to support safe, cost-effective and reliable designs. The primary OCPD must be adequately sized to protect the transformer and withstand the high inrush current when the system is energized.
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Relevant National Electrical Code (NEC) to protect step-up transformers

This equipment needs to be installed in accordance with latest NEC. Code updates have focused on ways to reduce the energy released during an electrical arc fault.

Here’s a brief and recent history of NEC changes related to reducing arc energy:

2011: NEC Section 240.87
Section added to address situations where circuit breakers are used without instantaneous protection and provided allowable methods to reduce arc energy. Three acceptable methods to mitigate this risk included zone selective interlocking, differential relaying, and energy reducing maintenance switches.

2014: NEC Section 240.87 (updated)
Expanded the requirements to include all circuit breakers that are rated (or could be adjusted to) 1200 A and above. Also added two new mitigation methods which included an energy reducing arc flash mitigation system or approved equivalent means.

2017: NEC Section 240.67
Arc energy reduction requirements of 240.87 were expanded to include fuses rated 1200 A or more are installed. It also added two additional methods in circuit breaker applications which included instantaneous settings.

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